Nalysis of Variance Along with temperature and volume of methanol, the quantity of water can also be crucial for the synthesis of FAME. Lipase possesses the distinctive function of acting in the interface amongst an organic and an aqueous phase. The addition of water facilitates the formation of interfacial area; nevertheless, excess water could stimulate competitive hydrolysis reactions [7]. The optimal water content is a compromise in between minimizing hydrolysis and maximizing enzyme activity for the transesterification reaction [15]. Based on prior reports applying P. cepacia lipase immobilized on numerous supports for the transesterification of triglyceride to biodiesel [15,32,33], the variables chosen for optimization as well as the corresponding ranges have been temperature from 35 to 50 , water content material of 1 to 20 (w/w of oil), and the molar ratio of methanol to oil from 3:1 to 8:1. The design of experiments and also the corresponding information are given in Table 1. Immediately after fitting the information with various models followed by evaluation of variance (ANOVA), the following quadratic polynomial most suitably described the correlation involving conversion plus the tested variables: Y = -347.13 + 13.1A + 33.48B + eight.38C ?0.16A2 ?three.31B2 ?0.43C2 + 0.06AB + 0.07AC ?0.1BC (two)where Y, A, B and C were conversion of FAME, temperature, substrate molar ratio (methanol/oil), and water content material ( , w/w of oil), respectively. The F-value of 25.92 for the model was greater than F0.01,9,7 of six.72, indicating the model was substantial at confidence degree of 99 . The F-value for lack of fitInt. J. Mol. Sci. 2013,was 6.42, considerably reduced than F0.01,3,four of 16.69, indicating lack of match was insignificant. Overall, the model had a compact p-value of 0.0001 and a appropriate coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.97), clearly indicating that the model was extremely substantial and sufficient to describe the correlation in between the conversion of FAME and the tested variables.Azido-PEG2-C2-amine supplier The higher worth of adjusted determination coefficient (Adj.Methyl 5-bromo-4-iodonicotinate Chemscene R2 = 0.PMID:33712886 93) also supported the significance from the model. The value of adequate precision (a measure of signal to noise ratio) with the model was 14.29, which can be higher than 4, therefore supplying adequate model discrimination [22]. Water content material and all of the square terms were important for the course of action with p-values smaller than 0.05 (Table 2). Table 1. Three-level-three-factor Box-Behnken design and style of experiments and also the corresponding conversions.Remedy No. a Temperature ( ) 1 35 (-1) two 50 (1) three 35 (-1) 4 50 (1) 5 35 (-1) 6 50 (1) 7 35 (-1) eight 50 (1) 9 42.five (0) ten 42.five (0) 11 42.5 (0) 12 42.5 (0) 13 42.5 (0) 14 42.five (0) 15 42.5 (0) 16 42.five (0) 17 42.five (0)aVariable b Molar ratio (methanol/oil) Water content material ( , w/w of oil) three (-1) ten.5 (0) three (-1) ten.five (0) eight (1) 10.five (0) eight (1) ten.5 (0) five.five (0) 1 (-1) 5.5 (0) 1 (-1) 5.five (0) 20 (1) 5.five (0) 20 (1) 3 (-1) 1 (-1) eight (1) 1 (-1) 3 (-1) 20 (1) eight (1) 20 (1) 5.5 (0) 10.5 (0) five.five (0) ten.5 (0) 5.five (0) 10.five (0) five.five (0) ten.5 (0) 5.5 (0) ten.5 (0)Conversion ( ) 48 ?1 54.1 ?0.3 42.70 ?0.01 52.6 ?0.four 13.five ?0.1 eight? 44.six ?0.9 58.13 ?0.06 14.0 ?0.9 five.49 ?0.02 38.2 ?0.five 20.0 ?0.9 75.1 ?0.8 76 ?1 79.0 ?0.2 82.1 ?0.three 84.0 ?0.The treatment options have been performed in random order; b The values of 1, -1 and 0 in parentheses were coded levels.two.4. Effects of Variables and Their Optimization The correlation among the conversion of FAME and tested variables is usually improved understood by examining the contour plots. In Figure four, the conversion improved significantly when water conte.
